The matrimonial God-oriented society was a society that expanded its knowledge and shared knowledge through exchanges with other clans through free travel. As a result, settlement farming became possible, requiring a new job to manage or store surplus products created for disposal or exchange.
This is the reason for the emergence of the paternalistic society. In other words, as the differentiation of labor developed beyond the middle stage, it became a complex society due to deepening conflicts caused by interests. In the late Neolithic period, each clan formed a federation to form a tribal society, followed by the development of a tribal society, and later a tribal state was established, combining various tribal societies.
And as totalitarianism led to the emergence of paternalism, the separation of church and state became a political society, resulting in the differentiation and classification of the classes.
Furthermore, the paternalistic society tried to use the losers to make grand structures or to make them eternal underdogs by exploiting them, wrapping the victory like a blessing from God. This can be attributed to the rapid development of bronze and iron weapons, as disputes that do not want to take away or be taken away from other people have become commonplace.
Therefore, it can be understood that the father-son society developed into a centralized patriarchal empire to overcome the unstable society caused by the deepening exploitation and looting.
Since then, the monetary economy has made dictatorship possible and the hegemonic conflict in the process of consolidating the status system has made the people expendable. Bevel writes: Classification occurred as private property occurred and the subsequent inheritance rights continued to be inherited.
Soon there was a contradiction among the classes, and they were at odds with each other. The haves gradually began to form a close alliance against the fallen, and the ruling class sought, among other things, control over this new community. The inevitable monetary economy of necessity created a rental relationship that had never been thought of before.” (29) (Bevel 57P)
In any case, the world changed greatly with the emergence of ancient Middle Eastern hebrism, which embodies existing ideas around 2,500 years ago, ancient Greek Hellenism, Indian Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. In other words, the global environment improved at the end of the interglacial period was rapidly increased in the development of agricultural technology and population.
In particular, it is a society where social costs such as the training of troops, labor, troops, military supplies, and injured autonomy fees have exploded along with clashes caused by population growth faster than food production. And as men’s physical strength and knowledge increased through war, women’s status fell relatively rapidly.
In other words, women’s status has declined due to the strengthening of paternalism and the improvement of men’s status due to frequent wars. “Roman tribal society is a privileged society, and women are deprived of the right to inherit the property of their fathers and brothers when they get married. The married woman was excluded from her clan property, leaving her children as well as herself unable to inherit the property of her father or brothers.” (30) (Bevel 59P)
Also, the patriarchal state always dominated the victor’s power, wealth, and honor. In other words, if they won the war, they sent their own supervisors to send out military horses and enslaved tens of thousands of engineers, production groups and women who were the foundation of the economy.
And they were devastated by the fear of starvation due to exploitation and the inability to escape from poverty. In other words, it made it impossible to recover. A patrilineal society was an identity society in which without power, people were taken or exploited as much as they could, or if they had power, they had endless exploitation to reach the highest position in the food chain.
In response, Bevel writes: “With the outbreak of the state, it was an inevitable product of confrontational understandings triggered by new social organizations. The leadership was naturally dominated by the rich, who enjoyed the greatest benefit from the nation’s creation and were exerting enormous influence over their social power.” (31) (Bevel 58P)
This is because the paternalistic society, which emerged after the elimination of the matrimonial God-oriented society, was transformed into a political society with religion transformed into a political means. Therefore, it is different from the background of the establishment of a religious union in which ancient Korea (Dankook) had network exchanges with each other of the maternal clans as the first country of mankind.
This can be understood by comparing the worship of the Maternal one and only God as a personified person in the matrimonial God-oriented society with the worship of the visible sun as an absolute being in ancient Egypt. In other words, while ancient Korea was a religious empire that believed in the maternal God as a personality god, ancient Egypt, which was its surrounding, became an object by thinking of the sun as an absolute existence, and a society that believed in various kinds of natural gods.
In other words, it is fundamentally different from the belief that humans were descendants of the Mother God in a matriarchal society, and that people should obey the orders of the absolute monarch on behalf of the sun god. For example, It can be understood from the fact that the descendants of the god of motherhood and that all human beings are the subjects of life and the pharaohs of ancient Egypt (son of the sun, king) are said to have been given power by the sun god.
In addition, the mother-in-law society believed in many forms of living in various places, as if the driver had abandoned the car at the end of its life and used a new car, considering Mother Nature as a vessel for the soul. However, the paternalistic society considered humans a once-consuming existence.
Humans are distinct from animals by their cultural presence. In other words, animals are afraid of death, know the fear and pain of starvation, have joy and sorrow, but have no culture. For example, the faith that has continued since ancient times continues to this day, and the ultimate goal of life is sought in religion, but animals have not changed so far.
Especially since time immemorial, humans have a religious nature by birth. Considering that the maternal clan, which accounts for most of the ancient history, was a religious society, it can be seen that it is incomparable to animals. Of course, it is possible to affirm the reason why the matrimonial God-oriented society believed that humans were descendants of God. Camodi is written as follows.
“The fact is that ancient people generally see gender androgyny as both male and female. In fact, androgyny is an ancient universal form that means totality, strength, and autonomy. Being holy and divine would have had to be androgyny in order to be seen as the ultimate power and wisdom.
However, this type does not preclude each gender. This is because gender distinction comes from these primitive androgyny. The distinction of sex is made in later generations, either secondary or time. Therefore, both the the god of heaven and the god of earth and the divine being are both androgyny and equally important.
As a result, it can be said that ancient people believed that primitive mysteries transcending both men and women had the same and simultaneous properties of men and women.” (32) (Book 26p like Camodi)
As such, the matrimonial God-oriented society was able to become a mother-in-law society because it thought that women with special abilities could give birth without men. And if the fact that the gender was differentiated from one mother is objective, and the reverse trace is based on this, it can be understood that the three gods of Motherhood, which reached one peak, were considered the only gods.
In other words, it was understood that motherhood, which endlessly reinvented new gender through the combination of gender differentiated from one mother, is the axis of circulation and progress. Therefore, it can be understood that the maternal society, which has advanced from the androgyny society, has an existential belief centered on motherhood, but the paternal society has developed into an ideological one.
The ancient society had a monopoly on religion, but with the consolidation of the paternal society, men, like women priests, had a cosmic mystique and a sacred spiritual experience through Xiamen. This is because politics has been separated from religion since 5,500 years ago.
And this is the cause of a major change in the conflict between the parent and the father caused by the paternal line politics and the maternal line division of roles in religion. It can be understood from the following quotation.
“In the late Stone Age, 5,500 years ago, a change in social character occurs. On the surface, several tribes form a federation, resulting in the emergence of a tribal society or a society of deportation.
In this social stage, classification occurred, including differences in economic wealth and social status among members of the tribe and among federation tribes. A powerful tribe among the federation’s tribes became the most dominant tribe, and its chief became the chief who passed the society.” (33) (Lee Myeong-do, Choi Tae-young, Introduction to the ancient Korea history, Korea Won 1989, 31p)
“In a tribal society, religious authorities came to grasp the will of God by fortune telling, and he played an auxiliary role in strengthening the political power of the chief in conjunction with the chief. And from this time on, war emerged, organized long-distance trade took place, and job differentiation occurred due to the specialization of technology. …..
Tribal societies are fundamentally different from those of the previous stage in that they are a time of classification in human society and have historically important significance as a turning point in social development. The next society is to become a national society, and several tribal societies form a federation again to form a state, and individual tribal societies will be transformed into empires as political units in each region.” (34) (Book 32p)
The explosion of population due to the agricultural revolution achieved by the matrimonial God-oriented society shows that the fear of starvation and violence caused by numerous disputes and confusion in the assembly has become commonplace.
This can be understood through Gojoseon, which was established in the process of reducing Korea’s ancient society following the matrimonial God-oriented society of the Neolithic period. It can also be inferred that there was a time when ecologically peaceful women were turned belligerent.
“It is not easy to understand the nature of belligerent goddesses in the Amazon myths of Libya, Anatolia, Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia and Russia. Ancient women may have actually fought with men, or their sexual power and the dominion of the women’s society may have caused certain belligerence in the early consciousness of women’s possibilities. Also, because women’s ‘routine’ behavior was recognized in early society, the great goddess was regarded as a wise being.” (35) (Camodi 37p)
As the tribal community became unstable, the subordinate society was consolidated, and men’s abilities improved and became a political society, which began to become gender division.
In other words, he was in charge of politics, and in the maternal world, he succeeded to the priesthood and was in charge of religion. This can be understood from the fact that the god of Father and the god of Mother, which are divided from the only gods of motherhood to the ancestors of men and women, have developed originally according to the region.
For example, during the Dangun period, “When we recalled that Gojoseon was a society of unity, Hwanwoong was a heavenly deity and Ungyeo was a shaman.” (36) (Cho Dongyoon, Korean cultural theory, Dongmunseon 2002).
Another example: “The son of Hwanwoong, who married and gave birth to a chicken pox woman while they were strong and powerful, inherited the sign from Hwanwoong around 2333 BC, and ascended from the altar under the birch tree of Taebaek Mountain. The descendants called him Hwangum or Dangun king.” (37) (Lee Byung-do, Choi Tae-young, and 35p introduction to the ancient Korea history)
It can also be assumed that frequent disputes over excessive competition to accumulate currency created as a means of smooth exchange of surplus production among tribes have turned into a political society. In other words, the monetary economy has transformed into a political society as it has become an unstable society that is prone to exploitation.
Therefore, it can be seen that the spirit is immortal and the motherly religious society, which is progressing in a cycle, has been transformed into a paternal political society with the birth of the monetary economy.
Of course, since the tribal community became a political society, the wealthy could enjoy a religiously equal position with the maternal community. However, as the fear of hunger caused by frequent disputes became common during the transition from a matriarchal society to a subordinate society, the poor have pioneered the place of life, and many wandering people have also occurred in this process. This is because the tribal society understood humans as smart animals.
Therefore, the matrimonial God-oriented society respected the mother-in-law who recreated life, thinking of humans as descendants of God, and the fact that they sacrificed animals for slaughter shows that it is not a barbaric society. Rather, one can understand that the paternalistic society was a barbaric society, considering the fact that they thought their power was strengthened by killing people or taking many other creatures.
This can be said to be inhumane in the fact that the fear created by the paternalistic society was a religious war on behalf of the ideological powerful gods, the slights of women reinventing human beings, and the fact that many more animals were fed than necessary.
As the matriarchal society lived like nomads, the population was small due to the adjustment of the population proportional to the food situation. However, the population has exploded due to the development of agricultural settlements, invention of farming tools, and cultivation techniques in the matrimonial God-oriented society, and the development of medical technology.
As a result, the unstable society formed led to the emergence of a patrilineal society. Since then, a tribal nation has been established, and the population growth caused by the monopoly of the birthright’s paternal lineage has experienced chronic food shortages. This is because the patrilineal society has become a political society of separation of church and state as it has formed a power in the accumulation of surplus products. Bevel writes:
“As the population grows, it feels the need to secure wider ranch and land, creating a conflict and struggle between tribes over fertile land. And of course, the demand for labor increased, as the demand for produce and livestock was increased in proportion to the labor force owned.
As possession increased, the more possessions first began to plunder women of other races, first killing local men, but gradually enslaving these men. In this way, two heterogeneous elements have been newly established in ancient clan law, and it is not long before these new elements and existing customs collide.” (38) (Bevel 34p)
This explosive increase in the population caused by paternalism not only contributed to the prevalence of looting, but also to the development of various methods of accumulating goods, indicating that the good nature of human beings has been distorted.
In addition, a new job of management was created as the mother-of-breed society needed the development of agricultural technology for the accumulation of surplus, and management technology such as management, storage, and collection.
In other words, the outcome of the agricultural revolution led by the mother-in-law was transformed into a private distribution style, which is the reason for the emergence of the patrilineal society. In other words, men’s travel to and from auxiliary positions for trading is the result of the creation of a new job called management.
Therefore, it can be understood that the social status of men has increased due to the increase in clan conflicts due to the natural increase of the population due to the result of social cooperation accumulated by the maternal community over tens of thousands of years.
Thus, when the tribal society of the clan union was developed, women’s authority fell as the patrilineality system, which had to solve realistic problems, came to the forefront. In other words, since the emergence of the paternalistic society, the maternal community has been in charge of religion and politics separated from religion has been in charge of politics separated from religion.
In particular, new jobs were created as private institutions were possible due to the improvement of agricultural productivity and the development of surplus storage technology. In other words, manufacturing businesses other than agriculture emerged due to the exchange of goods and the development of hand industries in the maternal family society.
This was the reason for the creation of a monetary economy and the consolidation of the patrilineal society. Bevel writes: “Now life has been determined by ‘status’ and ‘occupation’, and new production of supplies has begun trading with other ethnic groups nearby, which has triggered the currency economy. Most of these advances were made by men.” (39) (Bevel 36p)
This monetary economy has been enabled by the ability of the currency to accumulate surplus, allowing a primitive market economy. And the monetary economy formed classes based on the degree of property owned. This contributed to the establishment of a later status system and to the predatory economy.
Therefore, it can be seen that money was the cause of the emergence of a patrilineal society based on private institutions. In other words, the development of settled farming and agricultural technologies created by women’s superior abilities made the monetary economy and the patrilineal society possible.
After the emergence of the father-to-son society, men led the trade in agriculture or livestock industry achieved by the mother-to-son society, leading women to mainly engage in household labor for garden farming, herbal harvesting, and family welfare.
This is the result of the convenience of trading surplus and the emergence of easy-to-storage currency. It is also the result of men taking charge of risks during management and transportation and safety of transactions. Since then, the Primitive market economy, where production and distribution are separated, has been shown to be gender division. Therefore, it can be understood that gender division was caused by inequality in distribution and caused gender discrimination.
On this, Bevel writes: “Finally, women could barely maintain the clan’s name in the degree of responsibility for the family’s religious ceremonies, but it was only a matter of time before the economic meaning of the clan law declined and the clan law in general collapsed. As the ancient clan system collapsed, women’s influence and status dropped dramatically.” (40) (Bevel 36p)
Also, referring to Seo Jin-young’s article, “Gender division between agricultural and domestic labor weakened the status of women in charge of collecting or primitive agriculture.” It is because of the following differences between the two.
While agricultural labor played a direct and leading role in the development of productivity at that time, it is defined by the development of domestic service labor and has a secondary position. Domestic service labor is basically defined by the development of production labor because it is labor that utilizes the performance of production labor.
For example, the development of cooking technology depends on the development of production tools, such as the type, amount, and power of food produced. The development of domestic service labor also promotes the development of production labor by influencing the development of human own, an important part of productivity, but it is the development of production labor such as agriculture that played a leading role in bilateral relations.
Another important difference is that while production labor produces surplus produce, domestic service labor is labor for family consumption, so there is no need to produce more than what is needed for family consumption.
While more and more crops and livestock are consumed through agriculture and livestock, there is no surplus product in domestic service labor. In addition, women developed cloth weaving methods and made clothing at that time, but this was also not an important source of wealth compared to agricultural products at that time.
As gender division turned into division of agricultural labor and domestic labor, surplus from production labor fell into the hands of the man in charge of it, while women in charge of domestic labor were excluded from ownership and subordinated to men. At this stage of surplus production and private property development, the inequality of distribution potentially implicit in the division of labor has become a reality.” (Seo Jin-young 38p-39p)
The agricultural revolution of the matrimonial God-oriented society allowed the emergence of the paternalistic private society, and the increase in the population caused by paternalism led to an increase in trade volume, which led to the creation of a monetary economy.
Therefore, given the emergence of a monetary economy due to increased productivity and the lowering of women’s status, it can be understood that private ownership system are related to women’s status. For example, it can be understood from the fact that gender discrimination is being formed due to the deepening polarization of capitalism that allows infinite accumulation.
Women were responsible for developing storage techniques, management methods, and distribution methods such as collection, hunting, and production to overcome disasters caused by natural disasters or survive in ancient times.
In other words, women had considerable knowledge by giving birth, nurturing, distributing agricultural technology, gardening, herbal harvesting, medical practice, offering, hosting meetings, and sharing information on surplus products.
In addition, the matrimonial God-oriented society, which was a medium-term matriarchal society, overcame the crisis by simply exchanging goods between the clans, but in the case of natural disasters, sharing between the clans.
For reference, the fact that the mother-in-law not only produced almost all knowledge and information, but also taught men can be understood from the fact that the woman, Wonhwa, taught the male Hwarang in the early Silla Dynasty of the Samhan period. Of course, it would be difficult to understand as a Western culture based on the certainty of the paternal line existence.
And it is after the establishment of Judaism, the only religion in the Middle East, that the maternal line was subordinated to the paternal line and completely out of balance. This is because the common property of the female priests in the Middle East, who worshiped the goddess, was looted and made women private.
Bevel writes of the social image of the time as follows. “It was the common practice of Jews at that time to buy wives, and many women were looted from other conquered peoples. Just as the Benya people have looted Shiloh’s daughters, (Palm: 21:20 or less) the women who have looted them have become slaves or concubines.
To be promoted to wife, the following conditions had to be met: In other words, you should cut your hair and nails, take off what you were wearing when you were caught, and change into something else. In other words, daughters were soon excluded from inheritance when the paternal lineage ruled the Jewish clan.” (42) (Bevel 37P)
Women’s failure to inherit property in this system was due to the prevalence of looting due to population growth and the currency economy, and women were incapable of protecting their property due to pregnancy and childbirth, but the fundamental reason can be attributed to paternalism. This can be understood in the following quotations.
“When women were placed in secondary positions in production labor and thus excluded them from possession of property, women were subordinated to men in their families. Not only did men occupy a superior position to women based on private property, but they also overthrew the existing maternal society and established a subordinate system to inherit it to their children.
When a man died, his family inherited his property from the maternal family, and his family was inherited by his brothers (the children of his mother), the children of his sisters, or the children of his aunt. Their biological children could not inherit because they did not belong to their father’s family. Thus, as men’s wealth increased, men took advantage of enhanced status and abolished traditional inheritance.” (43) (Seo Jin-young 40p)
It can be seen that since the emergence of a rich society that aims to have a “own life,” the motherhood society, which had aimed to have a “existence life,” has been expelled, and the maternal value has been reduced to non-mainstream. In addition, the following quotations provide an understanding of the correlation between private property and property rights. “We don`t see human beings controlling property, but property controlling it and dominating it as his master.
With the establishment of the private property system, women began to be subjugated to men, and the era of despising and suppressing women came. Motherhood means communism and equality among the people. On the other hand, the rise of wealth means that women’s subjugation and suppression began with the domination of private property. Even the conservative Aristophanes.acknowledges this.” (44) (Bevel 39P)
Women in matriarchal societies were central to the clan, distributing and managing the welfare of the clan, while men did simple things such as hunting, farming, and collecting.
However, due to the conflict caused by the explosive increase in population due to the settlement of agriculture, it was able to rise to manager status due to the increased role of men. In addition, the mother’s tolerance of giving birth to a daughter and a son at the same time and the reason influenced the rise of men’s status.
And the reason why the matriarchal society was able to maintain a peaceful world for tens of thousands of years was because it was established based on motherhood, the centripetal force of mankind. This can be understood from the fact that the maternal clan society was a shared society that embodied active welfare.
Therefore, it can be seen that a matriarchal society is not the level of a monkey that Western scholars are arguing for in an evolutionary position. Of course, we analyze objects that humans are subject to as subjects and produce scientific results, and we do not deny the theory of evolution to understand the outer world. However, the theory of evolution alone has limitations in understanding the mother society that has explored the inner world.
In any case, the maternal society contributed to the development of human history by faithful to the life of a person who accumulates inner strength, but with the emergence of the paternal society, the status of women fell due to population growth and life neglect.
This can be understood from the fact that the mid-term maternal society regarded women who give birth as creatures in the West as a difference of about 10 to 1, compared to the fact that the motherhood believed in humans as descendants of god motherhood. It can also be seen that women have been alienated from the fact that the paternalistic society was a totalitarian and the politics of fear were universal.
This proves how violent it was along with peaceful facts, as it is now revealed that some maternal clans fled to the mountains or remote regions to inherit the maternal culture from fear of paternalism. In other words, the subordinate society had a vertical structure of the food chain, God, Men, Women, and Animals.
Therefore, it is different from the horizontal order in which humans were believed to be descendants of the god of motherhood and respect the ecological characteristics and individuality of both sexes.
The matriarchal society also lived a “life of existence” as it had a curved concept of time in which life was believed to circulate. However, the paternalistic society lived a ‘own life’ because it thought life was one-off.
In addition, the matrimonial God-oriented society considered life on Earth as a self-circulation process. Therefore, it can be understood that there is a fundamental difference from the fact that the paternal society is a god of fear that demands absolute obedience, and that it is a natural God or a monotheistic God.
Thus, it can be understood that the maternal society was an autonomous society that understood motherhood as the essence of God and practiced sharing, while the paternal society was a other-directed society governed by the god of fear.
This can be understood in the so-called the matrimonial God-oriented society of the Mago period 10,000 years ago, which became the root of ancient Korea before the Archean Era. Later, of course, the practice of maternalism left traces in religion.
And the “Budoji” tells us that the maternal tradition of ancient Korea, which was at the center of Maternal God centered conception, continues to the Korean people. In particular, it is considered relatively well preserved in traditional Korean shamanism (medium religion).
In other words, ‘Handangoki’ and ‘Budoji’ say that the first network alliance of mankind based on Maternal God centered conception covered the entire continent, including the Middle East. This is sometimes referred to as 12 Korea (Hanguk) because 12 regions were combined.
For your information, Handangoki is a historical book that summarizes the period of the upper examination and was published in 1979 by Gye Yeon-soo in 1911. This is consistent when it comes to the history of the Dongyi people along with the “Budoji,” and it is hard to say that it is a memorial book because it is in line with Danjae Shin Chae-ho.
Whatever it may be, it is significant in that ancient Korea, which followed the practice of mother-to-sonism, can learn the contraction process of mother-to-son society through the fact that it was reduced to Gojoseon, Samhan, and the contraction. This can be understood through shamanism as an intangible cultural asset, a native belief of the persecuted and despised Korean people after the consolidation of paternalism.
In other words, the Korea in ancient times is an important source of insight into the mother society over tens of thousands of years. And just as there is a difference in human abilities today and in today’s society, there are different tastes, different ultimate goals of life, more interested in the outer world, and still an uncivilized species even in the highly civilized world.
In other words, human life is going through the same process as birth, old age, sickness, and death, the four phases of life but it means a wide variety of things in life. For example, we can understand from the fact that humans have a world of mind that is good enough to be microcosm, and that they can choose whatever they want to live, live, or be a Taoist hermit with miraculous powers, as they have the ability to reinvent life in a variety of cultures. Therefore, it can be seen that the ancient Korean people who worshiped the only god in the maternal world were civilized.
With the consolidation of the paternalistic society, the belief of the mother god’s ‘Hae Hok Bok Bon’ in the “Budoji” lost its meaning, and the father god, who can be called the middle god as the descendant of the god Margot, was set to be superior to the mother god.
For example, it can be understood that in ancient Korean medium religion, which followed the Maternal God centered conception, God is a subject and God is an object, whereas in Western Christianity, God is a subject and a subordinate human being an object.
In the ancient Middle East, where the life of a desperate nomad was lived, women began to be enslaved, reduced to wealth, and men, as executors of a father god, were able to solidify patriarchy. The patriarchal system formed in this process is evident in the Roman Empire, which was a centralized system.
“In this way, the first product of the newly established male dictatorship is the transitional form of the patriarchal family that was occurring at that time. The main characteristic of patriarchal families is that free and non-free people are organized into families under the power of the head of the household. This completed type of family is the Roman family. ….
In Korea, the succession of the father-son system was established mainly by the ruling class during the establishment of a tribal nation, which shows the overthrow of the mother-son system and the establishment of patriarchy according to the formation of private property and class.” (45) (Seo Jin-young 40P)
In particular, the fact that Western women were alienated and lived a hard life, such as prison life without bars, shows the Western absolute patriarchy. Not only was this property able to trade women like slaves, Bevel says, but there was a widespread marriage, and women were killed when they failed to comply with the obligations of virginity, while men could own several women.
“On the first night, if the groom claimed that he had already lost his virginity before marriage, he could not only kick the bride out but also stone her to death. The same punishment was given to the adultery woman.” (46) (Bevel 36P) In addition, Western women had to worship only the father-to-son gods, and women could not hold the priesthood even if male gods and goddesses were together in other religions.
For example, “In Judaism, women could not even attend prayer services while sitting far away from men today. According to the ancient Jewish mindset, women are not only not part of the parish but also religiously and politically not having. Men could hold a worship service with only ten people, but women could never do it no matter how many times.” (47) (Bevel 38P)
Finally, the mid-term mother society laid the foundation for human civilization such as the management of knowledge, technology, and surplus that have been achieved over tens of thousands of years by establishing the basis of original faith, agriculture, ranching, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.
This led to the loss of meaning of the common system due to the increase in the natural population and the increase in cultural needs, which can be attributed to the advancement of the private system. For reference, paternalistic values are based on philosophical absolutism, vertical, centralized, one-time life, possessive life, and maternal values are based on philosophical relativism, humanism, horizontal (network), decentralized, democratic, metempsychosis, existence life, etc.
Considering the fact that the matrimonial God-oriented society implemented an active welfare society, it can be estimated that the happiness index was high. This is because the matrimonial God-oriented society, which developed intuition, lived a “life of existence” as a religious society that firmly believed in soul immortality.
In other words, as a shared society, it was a social environment system that was exchanged as much as necessary or coexisted while yielding, so I could afford to contemplate. Of course, it is based on the fact that the ‘Hae Hok Bok Bon’, which the matrimonial God-oriented society aimed for, is believed to be the truth and practiced sharing.
However, the monetary economy created by surplus production made it possible to accumulate indefinitely and to reserve the power of the paternal line. This is an important reason for the expulsion of the matrimonial God-oriented society. In other words, the rational human being developed the exploitation and exploitation economy due to the agricultural revolution that took place along with the storage technology achieved by maintaining a maternal society for tens of thousands of years from birth.
In other words, the rational human being developed the exploitation and exploitation economy due to the agricultural revolution that took place along with the storage technology achieved by maintaining a maternal society for tens of thousands of years from birth.
In other words, as a result of bringing medicine and agricultural revolution through the exchange of information and technology between clans in a network matriarchal society, the role of the father community expanded due to increased external dependence.
Since then, women have been allowed to work mainly in childrearing, education, and medicine related to the rite of passage, clan welfare, and gender division has taken place in charge of trading with the outside for the exchange of surplus products, including hunting, agriculture, and livestock. This can be attributed to the accumulation of profits, knowledge, and technology formed through active trade and the increase in external dependence, which led to women’s dependence on the paternal world.
Thus, the monetary economy was oriented toward a ‘life of ownership’ and the formation of paternalism led to the neglect of women. In other words, the monetary economy has led to the paternal line underestimation of humans as expendable by the who have no ability to recreate them and have no experience.
This can be understood from the following quote that the maternal and paternal families had a long conflict in the process of consolidating the paternalistic society. “Bahofen has evidence of a struggle against the new order in which women began to rise in the legend of the Amazon, which often appears in folktales of Asia, Orient, and South America and China, with the technology of ancient authors.” (48) (Bevel 39P)
“According to Herodotus, women also participated in the battle in Skitai. In addition, it was reported that only after one enemy had been knocked down did the first lady of Skittai’s marriage. Compared to modern times, in primitive times, there is generally a much smaller difference between barbarians and uncultivated tribes than civilizations, both physically and mentally. And he was barely behind in physical strength and agility.
The ancient authors’ records of the people who used the motherhood system, and the stories of the Aschantis women’s army or the women’s army, which was known for its violence and bravery during the reign of King Dahoe, are testimony to this point.” (49) (Bevel 32P)
It can be understood that maternalism and paternalism have been confrontational due to conflicting values. Of course, there have been some places where maternal society has been harsh on men depending on the region as it has led tens of thousands of years of maternal love, but the maternal society, which respects life, has generally been benevolent.
Bevel writes: “In the clan system, women had strong control, depending on the circumstances, but men who were lazy or couldn’t handle their share of the common life were harshly controlled. Engels said, “We believe that this change was made in complete peace, and that there was only a very simple vote within the clan to adopt wealth instead of motherhood after the rules of the new law were socially institutionalized.” (50) (Bevel 39P)
From Engels’s claim, it can be inferred that the emergence of a patrilineality society was possible because the matriarchal society had fundamental trust in humans and had a human nature is good. In other words, the mother society believed that the gender of human beings as a colleague was complementary, as mothers giving birth to men and women dominated.
In a matrimonial God-oriented society, life was thought to be living in a cycle of progress, while a paternal society thought to live a one-time life. This can be understood from the fact that the paternalistic society disparaged women, saying that animals also give birth to babies, although it respected motherhood in the matrimonial God-oriented society, which believed in circular progress.
Of course, as an intrinsic human value, it can be seen as a result of ignorance that does not understand the divinity of the inner world. In other words, it is not known that all areas of faith system, astronomy, agricultural and livestock technology, invention of agricultural equipment, herbal cultivation or collection, medical practice, invention of letters, and calculation methods were inspired by internal inspiration.
In other words, the experience and knowledge of motherhood accumulated over tens of thousands of years have been transferred to a patrilineal society and monopolized, and they are mistaken as if the father-son led the world since time immemorial.
For example, the fact that prophets in the paternal society say they become happy when sharing can be understood from the fact that the matrimonial God-oriented society has already made sharing a commonplace. This is because sharing, which is based on maternal love that forms the centripetal force of human beings, is a truth for the ultimate purpose of human life.
Therefore, as the re-creation and welfare instinct of the maternal family remain unchanged from ancient times, sharing can be expected to be institutionalized as society develops. Therefore, it can be seen that to address this imbalance, we need to create a device that respects the properties of the positive and balances them.
Of course, it is possible because modern society was founded on democracy by the wonderful people who nurtured women through constant reinvention and motherhood. In other words, the result of the desire of a welfare and democratic woman was achieved by birth.
Therefore, it is required to acknowledge the inhumane facts of the past that the father-son has committed to women today and to compensate for past wrongdoings in any way. Of course, it will improve as we work together to balance the parent and the father.
This is because it has become a dangerous society where humans have to adapt to “economic animals,” which are opposed to new mankind today. In other words, the central power of mankind, motherhood, was severely damaged and social purification function was stopped.
In other words, it has become a dangerous society such as difficult to restore after the destruction of the ecosystem. Therefore, in order to realize an active welfare society, a political culture should be created for a new maternal distribution style that can be balanced by respecting the roles of different gender.
Of course, NGO (Non-governmental Organization), an organization for life-green movements and environmental movements led by women, is directly or indirectly influencing politics, economy, society, religion, and culture.
It can be sure of the possibility from, it is a thousand-year prayer of priests and priests for humans who once had the appearance of half a human being in a monstrous, ugly molehill, as reported in ‘Boodoji’ and that it became what it is today, the fact that she has become what she is now, and that she participated in the civil revolution, the establishment of modern society, which is a great legacy of mankind, and the women’s green life movement to make it a sustainable world.
Therefore, it would be a reference for the society of the matrimonial God-oriented society to keep the belief of the ‘Hae Hok Bok Bon’ in a common system distribution form in which the father-in-law and the mother-in-law are balanced.
The Maternal one and only God was transformed by differences in the survival environment by region, or a new faith was created or developed differently with the emergence of a patrilineal society.
In other words, as the mother-to-son society began to collapse due to the emergence of the father-to-son society, the mother-to-son religion was formed with various beliefs suitable for the local environment, and developed into so-called father-to-son religion, Hinduism, Taoism, and Buddhism.
In particular, a typical example is the fact that the maternal monotheism of the matrimonial God-oriented society has been transformed into a paternal monotheism by the barren nomadic culture of the desert. In other words, the Jewish people of the Seoi tribe, who were divided from the Dongi people of ancient Korea who worshiped the only mother god, created the God-oriented paternalism.
This is the only paternal religion created at a time when the world is about to be consolidated into a patrilineal society, and Judaism can be seen as a religion that quickly spread to neighboring countries as well as the Middle East, causing the collapse of the Goddess religion.
Of course, in the case of the East, women’s status did not plummet like in the Middle East due to the remnants of the late-stage mother society. In other words, the Eastern humanism (civilism), which followed the primitive yin-yangistic worldview of the mother world, fell relatively gently as respecting motherhood and paternalism as one axis of harmony.
However, the religious spirit of man was embodied in the mother’s system and the religion created was transformed into a paternal superiority religion with the emergence of a paternalistic society.
Anyway, women were alienated from nomadic life formed in the barren environment of the desert, but women were treated in agricultural life understanding astronomy and circular progress. In ancient Korea, women were protected and respected by faith as the center of circulation, while women were actually enslaved by the paternal one and only God in the desert nomadic life as they were very valuable.
This is probably because nomadic men’s lives were thought of as suffering from the natural environment of the desert where life was threatened and the very hard life of slaughtering animals, and unconsciously hated women who reinvented humans.
In other words, the barren and difficult environment of the desert required absolute existence of the paternal line, and women forced to accept childbirth and childrearing and cold and overwork as absolutist destiny. In other words, as a punishment for promising the Creator, he denied childbirth and parenting as pain, and was reduced to sexual slavery, hinting at loss of status and humiliation.
On the other hand, in the East, which formed the basis of civilization and followed the prevalence of the matrimonial God-oriented society that led to the agricultural revolution, there was a ‘culture of An’ that respected motherhood as the center of the family.
In other words, the Eastern paternalistic society respected the motherhood of caring for the elderly and the elderly, as well as childbirth and childcare. This is probably because in Eastern familyism, the family was considered an independent space and a place where the life of a ‘Sookichiin’ should be reborn as a moral human being by grinding themselves.
In other words, the East has placed the legitimacy of the existence of the state on the protection and happiness of the nation’s basic organization, the family. Thus, while women were respected as an axis of human beings in the East, where humanism developed, the West disparaged women as absolutist fatalism can be seen as a difference.
As the paternal society is consolidated, not only has it become a horror society due to violence and starvation, but also as an excuse for the weak to coexist, and as a foolish life, women’s status has fallen. This can be seen from Bevel’s article on what women’s lives were like.
“Now women`s freedom is over. When I went out, I had to cover my face completely so as not to provoke another man’s lust. The quarantine system is still being imposed today in Orient, where the hot weather is particularly strong in sexual desire. Among the ancient peoples, Athens was a model of this new order.” (51) (Bevel 44P)
In particular, it was around the 5th century B.C. that women were reduced to objects, as if they were natural animals and plants, as the paternal monopoly was firmly established. In other words, the status of women plunged due to the rapid increase in the population, the Alexander Empire in ancient Greece, and the explosion of widows and orphans, the establishment of a centralized Roman Empire, and the globalization of Christianity.
In other words, male-dominated sexual culture, which tends to make instinctive sexual impulses explicit, has caused frequent wars. In other words, the sex culture, which was restrained by women’s monopoly on sex in the maternal society, has developed from the consolidation of the paternal society to the predatory sex culture.
For example, the paternal sex culture can be understood in the original sin theory that any human being born in a mother’s body is a sinner, which is said to have begun to suffer from a fault with women in the Genesis section of Christianity. In the East, similar to the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire, when Qin Shi Huang (BC247-BC210) was unified into a centralized totalitarian state, women’s status plummeted.
In addition, it can be seen that paternalism has become the universal value of mankind, and that Gojoseon, which has continued the Mother’s Divinity Society, has been destroyed.
Anyway, Western women are alienated as if they live in a prison without bars, even though they are family members, because they are treated as runaway troops without all public status. This can be understood in Bevel’s writings about the situation of Western women. “The woman slept with the man, but she could not face the table.
As a practical maid who couldn’t even call her husband’s name, she called him ‘master’. She could never go out in public places, had to wear a veil all the time, and wore extremely frugal clothes. According to Solon’s law, the woman who committed adultery had to pay for a crime her life or freedom. Husband could sell her as a slave.” (52) (Bevel 45P)
This is the effect of the paternal superiority religion, which justified exploitation as women have a welfare tendency to show great efficiency at ecologically small costs and have a utility value due to childbirth.
Bevel also gives an example of Medea from Salamis, born in 480 BC. “It’s sad! Of those who have souls and lives, we women are probably the most humble!’ We have to buy a husband as a dowry. And what’s even more unbearable is, ‘That’s when our bodies belong to our husbands.’
And what kind of man is he? I’m most afraid of this, whether it’s good or bad. Because divorce will remain a disgrace to a woman until the end, but there is no way to ‘refuse’ a man whose husband has become friendly.
Now we’re adjusting to new customs and unfamiliar manners and just guessing what kind of person we are – nobody teaches us – fortunately everything is done well and we can meet and love our favorite people, and that’s when our lives are truly enviable.
Otherwise – I’d rather die! – A man can get something to calm his soul ‘outside’ if the house is not comfortable. Beside friends and fellow men – but we must guard the Lonely Room. As a habit, they say that while they are in the army, women only live comfortably at home without any danger. That’s nonsense. I’d rather go to war three. More than once suffering from undergo childbirth .” (53) (Bevel 45P)
As such, women’s lives in Western society were unhappy. Therefore, modern democracy based on maternal values has been established in Western society, and it is no coincidence that the green life movement led by Western women or active struggle to realize a welfare society.
The result is that the civilization achieved by women who have been good enough in political sense and in every way to lead the motherhood society for tens of thousands of years is population growth.
However, the increasing population of the wealthy society made women the first slaves of mankind, and the parent community was unable to achieve economic independence as the father-son monopolized the distribution rights. For example, it can be understood from the fact that people often rely on prostitution or prostitution to survive.
For example, the ancient Greek city-states can be understood from the fact that prostitution was rampant due to the increased number of widows and orphans who were injured in the territorial expansion war to solve poverty. According to a popular belief, if a militant extreme society becomes enough to cause war, preparation for war, or war, it can result in infectious diseases, natural disasters, and bad years, and sexual morality can be promiscuous.
This change in social environment was the origin of Hellenism, and the goddess of salvation would have left even in ancient Greek times when the male gods and goddesses were worshipped together.
For reference, the Seoi people (Jewish people) who settled in the Middle East through India, which played a central role in the matrimonial God-oriented society, established the patrilineal monotheistic religions, which was united with tyranny by the Maternal one and only God and pharaoh’s sun god.
This later had a significant impact on the surrounding region and as it became globalized, it was the cause of the collapse of Gojoseon, which followed ancient Korean Confucianism, which was relatively based on maternalism.
Of course, in ancient Greece, Bevel writes that there was a goddess before Christianity spread. During the Greek period, there was a religious custom in which women sought advice and help from the goddess, and the annual Tessmophoria Festival was one of the rituals that originated in the maternal era.
Later on, Greek women continued to hold a festival for five days to offer sacrifices to the goddess Temeter, but men could never attend. A similar thing happened at the ancient Roman Cares. Both Temeter and Ceres are goddesses of abundance. The festival remained in Germany until the Middle Ages, and the ancient Germans excluded men from the rituals Frigga they accepted as goddesses of abundance.” (54) (Bevel 40P)
Despite the consolidation of the paternalistic society, it can be understood that the an old custom and goddess religion of the maternal society have existed for a long time. Such an example can be found in the case of Mugyo, a traditional Korean religion.
In other words, the traditional Korean shaman (female priest), who continued the an old custom of the motherhood, was in charge of the rite of passage of the birth, old age, sickness, and death, the four phases of life, consoling the hardships and limitations of life, and social integration.
This consists of a female priest with outstanding beauty and extraordinary ability, such as a spectacular theatrical actor, and male and female priests with outstanding talent in art and art, as if they were celebrities today, to remind and heal the ultimate meaning of life.
In any case, the maternal faith was expelled due to the consolidation of the paternalistic society. For example, the goddess religion of the Middle East, consisting of female priests and priests with excellent beauty and insight, was expelled after maintaining its reputation as a Sacred prostitution.
Of course, the Sacred prostitution of the mother society has two meanings. One is based on the sentiment that the birth of an extraordinary man who can human liberation by sleeping with an outstanding man while continuing the generation through the outstanding mother of each clan under the restrained plan of ancient matriarchy. Another would be the case in which believers in maternal religions who worship goddesses colluded with power to receive welfare support from widows and orphans.
In response, Carmody writes: “Let’s take a look at temple prostitution, a ceremony related to the great goddess who has come to be harshly criticized by later male-centered religions (Jewish, Christian, Islamic). Of course, the term itself was used by those who accused the ritual of turning women into objects of prostitution and indecent behavior. (There is also a kind of fear of the critic in their accusation of prostitution.)
It seems to us that ancient people who believe in Goddess were feeling sex and sexual intercourse as a way to relate to the manifestation or sanctity of the holy thing. Therefore, the sexual acts of women living in temples were not dirty but religious ceremonies. Hinduism and Buddhism developed the Esoteric Buddhism. Sexual intercourse was considered a religious instrument in Esoteric Buddhism, but it was mainly for men.” (55) (Camodi 38P)
As such, a matriarchal society can be seen that the birth of a great figure was understood as the only way to listen to pain, comfort, and lead a happy life like a human being. Therefore, it can be seen that the comparison between person who is petty and crafty and women in Confucianism was caused by misunderstanding.
Because the mother of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, has no reason to disparage motherhood from the fact that she raised Confucius well as a female priest.
Of course, it may have been disparaged in the case of an ignorant single woman before she became a mother.
For example, It can be understood from the fact that women of the time believed that the anger of the goddess was to alienate men and avenge them through war, so women’s struggle was covert, among unmarried women who worshiped motherhood, they became members of the sacred prostitution, and married women took quiet revenge on their husbands.
Bevel writes of the social image of the time as follows. “This life has never been a drag. The reputation of these prostitutes, who had maintained friendship with Greek first-class men, such as attending intellectual gatherings, has been handed down to this day.
That’s the case with the beautiful Aspasha, who was the closest friend of the famous Pericles and later became his wife, and the name of the prostitute Frine became the epitome of women who later sold themselves for money. Freene had a close relationship with Hyperides, and she modeled Aphrodite for Fraxiteles, the first Greek sculptor.
Danae was a lover of Epicurus, and Ardeanaa was a lover of Plato. Other famous prostitutes include Corinthian rice and Gunatanea. There were so many Greek celebrities who did not have sex with prostitutes. It was part of their lives.” (56) (Bevel 46P)
As this quote illustrates, social leaders can understand that ancient Greek leaders who adored the goddess, the descendant of the only God in the world, gave a wide range of advice. This is because men’s gods and goddesses coexisted before the ancient Greek which was based on humanism, was incorporated into Hebraism (the God-oriented paternalism).
As can be seen in Greek mythology, this is why they respected the inspiration and wisdom of the goddess. This can be understood from the fact that ancient Athens had a direct democracy based on maternalism, the cry of Socrates, the philosopher who told people to know themselves, the descendant of God, in a matrimonial God-oriented society, people believed in humans as descendants of Maternal one and only God are in the same sense.
Of course, the bad wife (Xanthippe) episodes of Socrates show that the father and mother were somewhat balanced. Therefore, Plato and intellectuals sought wisdom from the extraordinary women who continued the tradition of matriarchism in order to resolve the chaotic situation due to class conflicts, food shortages, and inadequate governance.
This is because Plato, an absolutist philosopher, argued for equal rights for men and women, which means half of power, in state administration, despite disparaging women. An example is the fact that “Plato demanded full equal rights of men and women in the number one class, or supervisors, in a country he considered ideal.” (57) (Bevel 49P)
It can be understood that the claim that men and women should share the position of the highest power on an equal footing was not ignored just because they were women until Christian hebrism ruled the West, but that the status of men and women in the lower classes was low.
However, as the father-son society developed, the father-son community led the sexual culture, and the desire of young people formed by it had to be resolved, the prostitution became more active. Of course, in an era when contraception was not well known, paternalistic sexual culture became an unstable society such as poverty and crime as the population increased, and women’s status plummeted.
“The men praised Solon for his contribution to the Athenians by creating the licensed prostitute. I’m proud of you, Solon! By establishing a licensed prostitute, you were able to maintain the city’s well-being and customs without being disturbed. Without this wise system of yours, the city’s vibrant youth would have followed suit, tormenting both women and women.” (58) (Bevel 47P)
In the Genesis Book of the Old Testament, it was said that Hawaii was the original sin of mankind to eat the forbidden fruit from the temptation of snakes and to be expelled from paradise. Believing that the cause of pain and unhappiness was caused by the original sin of the first woman in mankind, women lived with contempt and violence as if they were prisoners.
In fact, many women were beaten to death, indicating that the poor women lived in hell. For example, in the Western absolute feudal society dominated by the absolute existence of the paternal line, poor women formed by the exploitation of aristocrats have experienced hell for a long time in reality.
Nor, of course, were women from wealthy families free. This can be seen as an example of obedience to the traditional values created and adapting to the framework as a result of the embodiment of myths and continued self-implication. This is because human beings obey their own culture as cultural beings.
This can be understood by psychologist Ash in the “coordination theory” that if human values are strengthened by forming groups, they affect individuals by group psychology. Therefore, the notion of justifying inequality, which is tragic for women, should be removed as wrong.
Of course, they conform to order even though they know that the values created by collective egoism are wrong, but they are distrusted or rejected by the conscience they have as descendants of God.
This can be understood from historical experiences in which humans have fought together to solve contradictions, overcome prejudices, and nurtured the energy of reform. For example, in the process of the fall of Goddess Religion, the priestess, female priests, and goddesses can be understood in the sacred prostitution created by the desire for the birth of a superior person for women’s liberation or extraordinary beings such as saints.
Of course, the Holy Prostitution is a contradictory compound word in paternal values and has many implications. There will be another argument on the side of religion. In any case, Bevel writes about how women were in Western paternal society. “Murner describes the customs practiced in the Netherlands up to 15C as follows.
It is Dutch custom to make his wife sleep with him as a host when a close guest comes.” Of course, in the case of Eskimos in the Arctic until modern times, it can be understood as a practice of the sacred prostitution rather than disparaging women from similar Dutch customs. This fact also shows the status of Western women.
However, hundreds of thousands of spiritually open women in medieval Europe were inwardly denying Christianity. However, she had to go through the tragedy of witch hunts as a result of her constant efforts to free her from the only god in her father’s world. Thus, women became self-help people and quietly did things that changed the world.
In other words, the harsh life of women caused by the revelation of the only god in the father’s world, which eventually led to the creation of natural laws, which led to the establishment of a modern democratic society. In other words, in paternal chauvinist religion, the male priest embodied vertical order as a spokesperson for God, and women became neighbors, but modern society became a society in which women realized that they were the subjects of religion.
And the struggle of Western women, who learned that women were alienated by the revelation of their absolute existence, turned out to be ‘ Men enemies ‘ in the United States in the 1960s.
Plato, an ancient Greek absolutist philosopher, sought wisdom from a wise woman, but also disparaged her for many reasons. This is because women who have long lost almost everything due to paternal society have weakened mentally and physically.
In other words, women were beleaguered as they were burdened with childbirth obligations and general labor for the country in the face of a shortage of men due to frequent wars. This suggests that women are considered superwomen, referring to the following quote.
In other words, Plato said, “Women must engage in military training just like men, and must perform the same duties, but only to the extent of sexual weakness can they be relieved of their obligations. He argued that natural abilities were equally given to both men and women, and that women were only slightly weaker in every way than men.
In addition, she argued that all men should share their children, and that children should be shared so that the father does not know the child and the child does not know the father.” (60)(Bevel 49P)
It can be seen that Plato, an absoluteist philosopher who lived in an era when the patriarchal society was consolidated, thought that women’s childbirth was a means to totalitarianism. This can be seen from the fact that the re-creation and parenting process of life took a long time, and many people died of physical weakness and illness by assisting men’s work. And the fact that men and women are equal in their natural abilities means that they have the same duties, which is completely different from natural rights in natural law.
Aristotle, a relativist philosopher, also said, “It is always harmful for both equal or inferior to rule. This could be said the same for animals related to humans. That’s because livestock are superior in nature to beasts, and all livestock can live better as rain when they are ruled by humans, so they are protected.
In other words, men are superior by nature and women are inferior. Thus, one dominates and the other dominates, and this principle inevitably applies to all mankind.” (61) (Aristotle). Lee Byung-gil, Choi Ok-soo, “Politics,” Park Young Bookstore 1977.26P
Even though Aristotle was a relativist philosopher, he took gender discrimination for granted because he could not escape the totalitarian thinking of the paternal society. In other words, it was influenced by the social environment in which paternal values are mainstream.
Of course, it didn’t know much about the matrilineal society dominated by women who were superior in society at that time. In other words, the development of science has led to the discovery of relics and intangible cultural assets and records that the matrilineal society still exists today. It is also because women have long been reduced to seedlings in the paternal society, and they do not even have a chance to excuse themselves as a result of lack of education due to political and social alienation.
This is because Bebel said that the Spartans at the time of Plato were physically the same as men as the society that followed the mother’s practice. In the story of a Spartan woman, “One day the Greeks met the Spartans and asked him how to rule adultery in Sparta. The Spartan woman replied, ‘We have no adultery, stranger!’… The Spartan woman’s perception is also illustrated in a proud answer from Mrs. Leonas’ conversation with foreigners.
The foreigner told her this. ‘There will be no wife who rules your husband but you Rakedaimon women,’ she replied. ’And only our women give birth to men.‘ Girls were trained in all their physical training just like boys. Thus, she grew up to be a strong, sentient woman who, like Mrs. Leonidis, was aware of her own character.”
“Dorian women’s clothes were loose and lightly covered their shoulders, exposing their arms and legs below their knees. That’s what Diana, who looks free and brave to see in the museum, is wearing. On the other hand, Ionian women’s clothing covered the entire body, hindering action.
Women’s grooming was much worse than we generally think, and even today, it is a symbol of women’s dependence and a cause of weakness. The uncomfortable clothing style evokes fragile feelings in women’s minds, and as a result, such factors continue to dominate in attitudes and character to this day. Sparta’s habit of walking naked into adulthood, although climate-proof, has greatly contributed to the development of simple hobbies and physical discipline in the opinion of ancient writers.” (62) (Bevel 51P)
As such, ancient Greece was the home of Hellenism (humanism), and the civilization of the East and West was assembled, indicating that Athens was paternalistic while Sparta was paternalistic. Therefore, it can be understood that the matrilineal custom remained with the base people in the fact that they created a paternal democracy as a direct democracy only for Athenian men who used matrilinealism.
However, it is a paternal democracy that did not participate in the same number of men and women, and a formal, incomplete half-democracy that did not guarantee material basis by content.
Meanwhile, at the same time, the patriarchal society in the East was not a men’s paradise as the Taoist sentiment, which still had a maternal tradition that emphasized harmony, was rooted in the base people. Although men were superior in the idea of Confucianism, women were not alienated. This can be understood from the fact that in the case of the East, women who give birth were considered as part of the community.
In other words, in a family based on motherhood, which constitutes the centripetal power of man, motherhood was regarded as ‘in’, and fatherhood was regarded as ‘outside’ and should be faithful to the inner and outer roles. The East can be understood from the fact that men and women value mutual respect to maintain a harmonious relationship. In other words, men and women respected each other’s different roles as independent beings.
In other words, it was considered the legitimacy of state existence to implement so-called “Oriental Familyism,” which harmonizes the whole and the part of the family, the basic organization of the state, by motherhood. This can be understood in the “family harmony” called the world’s foremost.
In other words, in the East, the origin of humanism, disparaging women who reinvent humans was like denying themselves, so even if it was a patriarchal society, it was a society that respected motherhood by placing the center of the family in motherhood.
Of course, it is true that Confucius told women and small people to stay away, but it is true that Confucius himself respected his mother, who was a priest, and respected his transformed mother in women. In the case of motherhood, however, she was treated as the sun of the family.
And as Genghis Khan’s globalization opened the eyes of marginalized women in the West, it can be understood that various struggles in the maternal world with the goddess of salvation established democracy with maternal values.
Men who could not give birth were inferior to the matrilineal society, but they became superior with the advent of the patrilineal society. Of course, as the male supremacy sex culture was formed by men who monopolized the “sexual rights,” sex has become a social problem due to explosive sexual desire, which can be seen as a cause for shame.
This can be attributed to the fact that sex is not the pleasure of mutual communication for circular progress, but to the lack of morality disputes caused by men’s uncontrolled female bias in the paternal lineage society.
Not only that, but also those in power who put forward the sun god as a transcendent natural god or absolute existence as a paternal character god monopolized the castle. For example, ‘the right of first night’, which symbolizes a conqueror’s attitude or a form of coercive weakness in Western paternal society.
In other words, it is the ‘the right of first night’ that the intention to centralize and monopolize the results of the paternal society is strongly expressed. Therefore, ‘the right of first night’ is not only a process of imprinting and justifying that women are subordinated to men as objects, not human peers, but also by an impure intention to destroy women’s independence.
In other words, it was intended to inform that there was no goddess of salvation to help women after the emergence of the patriarchal society. This is because the goddess of salvation, which runs counter to the patriarchal society, where fear and violence have become organizational principles, was threatening. This can be understood in Bevel’s writing how the maternal system of nonviolence was incorporated into the paternal system.
“In Babylon, once a maiden reached adulthood, she had a religious obligation to pay tribute to the temple of Milita and entrust herself to a man to sacrifice her virginity. In the Setapeum of Memphis, there was a similar order during the ritual at Anites, the goddess of Armenia, and in Cypriz and Tyrus Siden, at Astartena Aphrodite. This practice was also practiced at the Aegis Festival in Egypt.
Thus sacrificing virginity is said to be atonement to the goddess for marrying and leaving her body exclusively to one man. ‘This is because nature did not give women all kinds of beautiful charms to wither only in the arms of a man. The laws of nature break down all restrictions, loathe bondage, and view monopoly as an affront to divinity.’ Through the process of sacrificing her virginity to an unknown man, she had to seek the grace of a more solid goddess.” (63) (Bevel 52P)
Bevel also writes that until recently, customs remained among the Maniana Islands, the Philippines, Polynesia, and African tribes. “In the case of Bildeates, on the first night of marriage, the men in the family are in the bride’s bed in order of age. It’s only at the end that it’s time for the groom.
This practice has been transformed into a practice in which the priest or chief of a tribe exercises priority over the bride as a representative of all men. In addition, the island of Malabar employs monks from the Kaimar tribe to destroy his wife’s virginity … When the king is married, the supreme monk, religious leader, is obliged to do the work, and the king pays 50 gold coins in return.” (64) (Bevel 53P)
“The chief made it his duty to destroy the bride’s virginity and received a gift in return. Even in some tribes the destruction of this virginity has been carried out on a girl only a few months old for the same purpose as stated above, and there are still such areas. Primaenotics, which had been maintained until the late Middle Ages in Europe, including Germany, is also due to tradition. The lord, who himself claimed to be the ruler of servants and serfs, took over and exercised the rights of the tribal leader.” (65)(Bevel 53P)
As such, the patriarchal society emphasized that the right to sexual intercourse is in the patriarchy, and institutionalized that women are subordinate by humiliating them, so it can be understood that women were actually punished as descendants of Christianity. Therefore, women have become inferior as a result of enslaving themselves by making democratic and welfare excellent characteristics inferior.
This can be seen as the result of the consolidation of the paternal society, and the greed to have everything that the mind thinks has been cultivated as humans have been reduced to creatures created by the sun god or personality god. This can be understood to be inappropriate with humans in the fact that homosexuality of women alienated in the West, where absolutism was consolidated by paternal monotheism, was prevalent and homosexuality of men was prevalent at the same time.
This can be understood to be inappropriate with humans in the fact that homosexuality of women alienated in the West, where absolutism was consolidated by paternal monotheism, was prevalent and homosexuality of men was prevalent at the same time. This can be seen from the following Bevel’s quote that homosexuality was created by goddesses who worshipped the motherhood as a result of the oppression of women by the patriarchal society.
“Sapho, a female poet around 600 B.C., was a homosexual called Lesbian Nightingale, and it would be understandable if we looked at the contents of a poem that worshipped and prayed for a goddess. That is to say, ‘Oh, the ruler of your omnipotence, who sits on flowers, O wise, daughter of Zeus, born of bubbles!’ In sorrow and unbearable anguish, O Mother, do not destroy me!” (66) (Bevel 50P).
As such, the contents of the motherhood are clearly highlighted, and the longing for the mother who gave birth to her makes it clear that the patriarchal society has already been established.
As such, men and women had free marriage and companionship until early 4,000 years ago, while women were subordinated to men from around 3,000 years when the patriarchal society was consolidated. And the West can understand that, after the establishment of the Roman Empire, Christian male supremacy was integrated with paternal supremacy, and men openly regarded women as property. In Germany and Europe, the Primaenoctis showed that there was 10–1 discrimination.
Anyway, the Western patriarchal society, which is based on the idea of paternalism, clearly shows the inhumane side of paternalism through the deepening process, while passing on the cause of human suffering as a creature to women. This is because even ordinary women were given the Primaenoctis as slaves, not their bodies but their own, and women who reinvent humans became objects like private property.
Of course, the right of first night was different from the Western one in that it was an official rite of passage for gisaeng (Korean geisha), although there was the Primaenoctis system in which people were called ‘raising their heads’ in the case of gisaeng during the Joseon Dynasty.
As such, the fact that nobles accepted the monopoly of virginity in the Western absolute feudal system shows that paternalism is ideological. Therefore, it can be seen that women in Western society had a chaotic sex culture as they lived in a position less than ordinary people or beggars, and were forced to be sexually assaulted or abused.
For example, if men have power, they can have all women as their own, or if they are together for one night, it is disastrous from the fact that the harshness on women, such as thinking, remains to this day.
In other words, women were strictly subject to the crime of chastity, and society of barbarism, thinking of dishonest women as if they were a flawed commodity. Despite the long transfer of maternal rights in good faith, they treated women as if they were prisoners, or discriminated extremely against them as if they were between humans and animals.
Considering the fact that women were forced to be unjust, it is understandable that the society developed into the Evil Nature Principle society. Therefore, it can be seen that democracy based on maternal values was established after the Western absolute feudal society was ousted by the civil revolution, which was the result of the seeds sown by women who wanted to develop into a human nature is good society for a long time.
As the superior sex culture of the paternal world turned into a free-spirited sex culture, it became an unstable society. In other words, it was a society with only obligations in which women were not able to defend themselves in a paternal society, but did not give them the right (law, power) to keep their chastity.
It was an unfair society that passed on men’s profligacy to women. The chastity was punished for sin even though it was invalid because it was an obligation without rights. Therefore, it can be understood that it was an inhumane society that thought of women as objects of conquest such as natural objects.
In other words, it was a society that thought of women’s bodies as if they could not control themselves. However, the reciprocal view overlooks the need for both men and women to keep their chastity together. Of course, it is true that women’s status varies from region to region, but chastity ‘s sins are similar regardless of East and West.
In other words, as women were disadvantaged, the men who were advantageous were unable to control their sexual desire, and the marriage of plunder was rampant, and the women who rebelled against the men were treated like losers, so the women had to panic. Women lived a hard life in a passive, dual attitude as they were treated poorly, such as punishment for the original sin of mankind.
For example, it can be understood from historical facts such as rebellion or criticism of contradictions, such as the fact that they were controlled by a hawk or even sold to a harsh place. This is more hideous than human trafficking crimes today. In other words, male-led prostitution is a business that makes high profits at the lowest cost, and there is a lack of women, a fixed asset that creates wealth.
In other words, men’s infinite sexual desire cannot be met. Of course, it is useless for women to complain about structural contradictions in the paternal society. Therefore, I had to have my own survival strategy so that I would not suffer from mental illness due to fear caused by living like a prison without bars.
This can also be understood from the fact that women have many times more mental illnesses such as depression and bipolar disorder than men, even though they live in the era of high-tech technology today. This is the result of a lot of scramble for women who are inherently welfare-oriented and have lived a hard life under the pretext of social virtue even after the establishment of a modern society.
Anyway, the matrimonial God-oriented society thought of the earth as a way of going home. In other words, it was a place to practice the ‘Hae Hok Bok Bon’ of the godmother, who was the belief of the matrimonial God-oriented society, and to return to her hometown.
Therefore, unlike the matriarchal society, which believed in a ‘Hae Hok Bok Bon,’ it can be seen that the patriarchal society formed a sex culture based on paternal pedigreeism as it thought of a one-time life on Earth as a creature.
In other words, since the establishment of the patriarchal tribal union state, the maternal monotheistic faith as a character deity became the cornerstone of the superior religion of the paternal world, and the woman in charge of religious life turned into an object.
Of course, the female priests who embodied the maintenance of the godmother were transformed into priests for the male god, and later even female priests became sexual beings.
For example, the establishment of Judaism, which was transformed from a monotheistic god to a paternal monotheistic god, led to the expulsion of the maternal faith, and later the salvation goddess was reduced to a demon grandmother due to Christianity.
Therefore, many women who had mysterious experiences in medieval Europe are called witches, and the fact that hundreds of thousands of women were burned or persecuted shows that the maternal faith underlying religion does not disappear, but is latent. For reference, Merbe Harbin Harris says about 500,000 women were burned at the stake in witch hunts by the 15th-18th century.
For example, in the case of shamanism, a traditional Korean folk belief that followed the tradition of matrilineal society, despite the abuse and contempt of the priest shaman since the consolidation of the patriarchal society, it continues to this day it continues to exist as a non-mainstream.
In other words, even if the maternal monotheism led to Christianity as it transformed into the paternal monotheism in the Middle East, it means that maternalism, which has continued since birth, cannot be extinguished as long as there are women. Therefore, considering the ritual of expressing gratitude to the god of the god and the early night of adult ceremonies with female priests in the mid-term matrimonial society, the right of first night of the father’s society is a typical example of Evil Nature Principle .
The matrilineal community says there was no family name but a first name like the Indians. In the maternal era, the population was so small that there were no boundaries between the clans, so it was distinguished by local characteristics such as certain topography, specialties, and animals and plants where the clans gathered. And the matriarchal society also had a sense of human solidarity with other clans.
However, with the emergence of patriarchal societies, some of the influential tribes were marked by gender, characteristics of the tribal areas, specialties, and roles caused by the differentiation of occupations. In addition, the clan members of the tribe who won the war bestowed the castle to the clan or tribe who contributed.
In other words, as a paternal pedigree, the family became a shield for maintaining status to those in power, and played an important role in making them loyal to maintain their status. And paternalism can be seen as the cause of the formation of a totalitarian society by consolidating patriarchy and strengthening the status system. Therefore, it can be seen that women had no place to complain even though they were abused in the old days.
In other words, as paternalism, which justifies gender discrimination, became a truth as a result of thousands of years of solidification, women could not participate in politics that could improve their positions. On the other hand, the emergence of the patriarchal society has made men more physically fit and strengthened the authority of the patriarch, making the responsibility for supporting them heavier.
Also, sexual desire created by strengthening men’s physical strength due to paternalism can be seen as the cause of women’s degeneration into sexual existence. This can be understood from the fact that female looting accounted for a significant portion of men’s spoils in ancient wars.
As such, paternalism established family glory as the ultimate goal of life, leading women to live for paternal descent. In other words, the lineage of patriarchs should be created and nurtured. In other words, women are transformed into supportive status for the paternal lineage. Therefore, as a product of paternalism, it can be seen that family name is causing confusion in women’s own identity or causing conflicts due to extreme gender discrimination and exclusive racism.
For example, in the case of the West, women of the Joseon Dynasty follow their husbands’ family names, but when they marry, they belong to their husbands’ households as so-called ‘a married daughter is no better than a stranger’ and their children are of paternal descent. This can be understood when a woman becomes like a stranger who maintains her last name in a family.
It is encouraging, of course, to be able to use the maternal family name under the new registration law, which was recently revised by the women’s association that refused to monopolize the family. However, even if some of the family registration laws have been changed, paternalism is still the mainstream, just as pumpkin-lined watermelon cannot be a watermelon.
In other words, even if democratic lifestyles have become common today, there is a problem with their effectiveness as there is a winner-take-all culture, such as paternalism-based polarization and majority rule, in reality. Of course, it will be effective when implementing an active welfare society with a ‘momist’ political and economic system that virtually guarantees an economic foundation to overcome this.
In other words, a ‘maternalism’ system should be globalized in which the matrilineal distribution style, which is consistent with democracy based on matrilinealism, can become common. This will once again be argued on the side of politics.
Anyway, we can understand the practice of matrilineal society without family names in American Indians. In other words, they had a first name but no family name. For example, if he gave birth on a windy hill, his name would be ‘Windy Hill’. Of course, it was distinguished by tribal names, but it is different from the last name based on paternalism.
Thus, the fact that there are no Indian names with the same name suggests that human individuality is being established. Of course, most Indian lives would have had no reason to be insular with a surname, given that they were peaceful and intuitive. In other words, it was a simple society with a high happiness index that did not require complicated rules or words or writings as a society where religious human forms were mainstream.
Westerners, of course, thought Indians were bellicose savages because they could not understand their lives properly due to the Opposite culture culture of survival of the fittest. However, as the Westerners pillaged the kind Indians in the early days of their arrival in North America, they found it groundless in that they took self-rescue measures.
Of course, it was because Indians could not know the capitalism created by living in an era of uncertainty that never existed. Capitalists, for example, can understand the double-mindedness of the fact that Indians are barbaric and bellicose, despite their enormous profits from selling weapons to Indians. Therefore, it can be seen that the development of exploitation techniques, such as only the smallest sectors of the system, justifying deception or driving them to barbarians, was the result of human devastation.
Therefore, it can be understood that Indian society without family names was a society with a high happiness index that balanced human sociality (solidarity) and individuality.
In addition, unlike the fact that matrilineal societies value names that match human individuality, Camody’s writings show that family names based on paternalism are unreasonable.
“In a goddess-worship culture, there is no custom of branding any child as an illegal child. Since such a society is a matrilineal society (which is a natural result because it believes that women can give birth alone), all children who know their mothers are legal. Therefore, all children can be legal.” (67) (Camody 38P).
And the matriarchal society had no pedigree itself, and women had no obligation to chastity because women had the right to have sex. On the other hand, the patriarchal society imposed a duty of chastity on women after having a monopoly on the family name as well as a monopoly on sex.
In other words, it was as if the fatherhood reigns over women, as if the absolute (king) himself were making laws that he did not abide by as he convenience. Thus, it can be seen that paternalism made a woman pretend that she was not the owner, even though she was the owner.
In addition, it can be seen that the family name based on paternalism was responsible for creating a status system and suppressing women as it was aimed at a closed society. Furthermore, it can be understood that paternalism, as human companions, contributed to the relationship between men and women between dominance and dominance.
Furthermore, it can be understood that paternalism was the cause of the dominance of men and women as human companions. Moreover, as paternal superiority or paternal monotheism justified this, men were able to make their fellow women subordinate. This can be understood from the male monopoly of the family name, in which Western women, excluding traditional Korean women, follow their husbands’ family names with marriage.
In other words, in the case of Korea, which is faithful to the theory of yin and yang, there was a ‘culture inside’ that respected human individuality, so even if it was a patriarchal society, the motherhood was ‘inside owner’ and the father was ‘outside owner.’ Therefore, women were able to maintain the family name of their parents because motherhood was considered an axis of the family.
For reference, in ancient Korea (Dankook), which is based on maternal values, it can be said that motherhood respected as the center of the family (centripetal strength and content) is the ‘culture of the inner world.‘ This suggests that Ahn has the source of stability inside, as it means that a woman needs to be at home to be stable. Of course, it is understandable from the word ‘wife'(Anae).
The reason why the patriarchal society, along with frequent disputes, made their family names was to solidify the status system. In addition, in the patriarchal society, family names were needed to compensate for frequent wars caused by the increase in the population, to maintain the status system, and to compete for loyalty.
In fact, most of the lower classes in ancient society did not have surnames and only the ruling classes representing the tribe had surnames, but only the aristocracy later became common with the monogamy’s family system. Therefore, it can be seen that the family name, which meant status or role, was the driving force behind the development of the political force in combination with paternalism.
Of course, discrimination due to family name has caused extreme competition, which has also accelerated centralization. And the fact that paternalism monopolized religion and the goddess religion collapsed is written by Carmody as follows.
“In paternal society, children’s lineage, inheritance and legitimacy are possible through their fathers, so we need to know who their fathers are. Serious conflict was expressed when paternalistic and prophetic religions (Jewish, Christian and Islamic) met with the Middle Eastern goddess worship. Male-centered social authority and male-centered belief were perceived as highly dangerous. As male-dominated religions expanded, their religious ideas and cultural authority became ‘orthodox’, and the cult of women-oriented women turned into evil and corrupt religions.” (68) (Camody 38P)
Thus, the monopoly of the family name of paternalism led women to forget the practice of motherhood, and the goddess of salvation, the descendant of the only god of motherhood, who personified the principle of creation of the universe, was replaced by a male deity.
In other words, it is the result of thoroughly destroying the goddess religion, which is the source of political forces created by the fact that the child born by motherhood is clearly a part of motherhood. Therefore, if you refer to the process of changing from parent society to paternal society in Bebel’s article,
“Icequilos described in the tragedy “Eumenides” the process of transition from parent to fatherhood, which was very early in Athens but must have been under strong opposition from women. The plot is as follows. Clytemnestra’s husband, King Mycenaean Agamemnon, sacrifices his daughter Ipigenia in accordance with the oracle before embarking on an expedition to Troya.
According to the mother’s authority, Agamemnon, a mother named Clytemnestra, who was outraged that she had sacrificed her child rather than belonging to her husband, made her husband Egistus his subordinate while Agamemnon was away. According to ancient law this was by no means an act of virtue. Agamemnon, who returned to Mycenae years later, is killed by Egistos, who was ordered by Clytemnestra.
The Eniris accuse Orestes of murdering his mother……
As such, Eniris did not recognize the rights of their fathers or husbands. They only had a mother’s right. Because the husband is not part of a blood relationship.” (69) (Bebel 40P)
The fact that the authority of motherhood was respected despite the fact that the West was somewhat solidified as a patriarchal society shows that it was afraid of women’s political power. However, the Roman tribal society was extinguished by the establishment of the Roman Empire as a centralized hierarchical state, and the polytheistic Rome later strengthened paternalism, leading to women being alienated.
For example, it can be understood from the fact that as women were subordinated to the paternal world, adultery by moral depravity prevailed and even the best ladies were registered as prostitutes. It can also be understood that there were many personal revenge from women who refused paternalism that forced their lives into desperation. Bebelle states that: “Eubenalis reports that even the poisoning of a husband was never a quaint event in Rome at the time.” (70) (Bebel 63P)
This is because male supremacy, which has been established through the Roman Empire, has led to the prevalence of male pride and sexual violence. Bebelle writes:
“As the power of the Roman Empire was strengthened and its territory expanded, moral rigor in marriage disappeared, and only the worst vice and debauchery were rampant. Rome has now become the center of propagation of lewdness, indulgence and sensual sophistication to all civilizations of its time.” (70) (Bebel 61P)
As paternalism is consolidated, it can be seen that the imposition of ‘duty of chastity’ only on women is contradictory even though it has become a sexually promiscuous society. In other words, women became sexual objects due to the paternalistic sex culture. For example, even if a mother has given birth, her child has a paternal family name, which can be understood from the fact that women are sexual beings or have been transformed into seedlings.
In other words, just as the person who is the subject sees nature as the subject, the man is the subject and the woman is the subject. This can be understood from the fact that women were commercialized much earlier than today’s commercialization, as if it were a flawless commodity.
As such, paternalism has created a situation in which men’s uncontrolled sex drive is encouraged, and women are difficult to keep their chastity. Therefore, it can be seen that a new maternal superior sex culture should be created, just as women have a monopoly on sex and have a stable life by controlling sexual desire and conception in a matrilineal society.
In other words, unlike appetite, sexual desire is cultural, so unlike animals, human beings, who are cultural beings, are high-level beings, and a mother-minist system that can autonomously control sexual desire will be appropriate.
In any case, women who suffered from the polarization of power and severe imbalance between men and women quietly accumulated power, and women’s uncooperation and deception to achieve balance often jeopardized the nation. As a result of this resistance as a dangerous being like an internal enemy, women were able to inherit some property and have a humble position.
In other words, just as the aristocracy inherited from the aristocracy in traditional Korea, the intellectual and socially virtuous middle class inherited it to their daughters. Bebel reports that there has been considerable dissatisfaction with this phenomenon.
“The later situation, in which the patriarchal clans fell and their meaning faded, was in favor of Roman women. Later they inherited as well as had control over the property. It was a much more advantageous position than Greek women. Cato (born 234 BC) lamented that women were gradually gaining more liberal status. If all the heads of household had taken the lead of their ancestors and tried to moderate their respective wives, we would not have reached a point where we were so openly harassed by women now.” (72) (Bebel 60P)
The improvement in the status of women in the Roman Empire was made possible by the passive struggle, from non-cooperative to the awakening of the social leadership, and the participation of middle-class women led by extraordinary women participated. Of course, the Roman Empire would have been inheritable because it was polytheistic, including goddesses.
However, as the Roman Empire embraced Christianity, the status of Western women, on average, was very low, about 10 to 1. For example, religion at that time was also a haven for the socially disadvantaged, and it can be understood that the goddesses were mainly engaged in welfare activities, but could never have the status of a priestess or religious leader in a patriarchal superior religion.
Therefore, it is encouraging to push ahead with the revision of the head of family system for modern Korean women who refused to monopolize the family name based on paternalism as a precursor to the removal of the existing family name system.
상대의 성을 존중하며, 쌓아 가는 공공선은 적극적 복지사회를 만드는 원동력이 됩니다. Respect the sex of…